The parallel is: using civilized rational thought to explain barbaric irrational behavior. It's a common trait among the rehabilitative justice crowd as well. I happen to think Pape has taken this familiar exercise in futility to another level.
No, I don't think anyone assumes that. My personal diagnosis would be they are simply brainwashed.
Irrational, barbaric, and most importantly, brainwashed. The cult parallel. However, brainwashing entails the use of excessive regulation and/or excessive discipline to strip individuals of their self-will and to leave them vulnerable to blindly follow any instructions against their own self-interest. Furthermore, brainwashing/indoctrination generally requires that affected individuals be kept in extreme isolation from the rest of their own communities for an extended period of time, resulting in a loss of affinity to the rest of society and causing said individuals to devote themselves to the "cult" above all else without question.
Consider the suicides of David Koresh and his followers at Waco, or the religious cult Heaven's Gate at San Diego, or Movement for the Restoration for the 10 Commandments of God, or Jim Jones and his ilk, etc. The single factor that most closely binds these acts of mass suicides was the fact that these groups all lived in extreme social isolation from their own communities. Such complete isolation allowed for highly controlled, intrusive indoctrination, protected by the wall shielding the members from the effects of the society at large.
Suicide terrorism is different in that the above-referenced wall isn't present. In fact, Islamic suicide terrorists often expend great efforts to integrate themselves to society via institutions, charity work, ceremonies and rituals, and their respective local communities in turn often commend individuals who carry out suicide attacks as nationalistic martyrs. Hezbollah is a good example of a group with significant local community support - hardly an isolated cult. Same goes for Hamas. Ditto for Tamil Tigers of Sri Lanka. And yes, al-Qaeda as well: some of the organizations that bin Laden founded include the 3rd World Relief Agency, Mercy International, and Islamic International Relief Organization (which, aside from being corporate shells for money laundering, also do provide humanitarian work to Muslim refugees and the like). Within Saudi Arabia there was little to no debate over al-Qaeda's objection to foreign military forces in the region, and there is indeed local popular support for bin Laden and his ilk.
And why do these suicide terrorists seek to garner local popular support? Well, if they were shunned and reviled by their own community, it'd be all the more difficult for them to recruit members, find those willing to harbor them, and basically have a relatively safe hiding place from which to plan their course of action. So it only makes sense for them to try to gain some legitimacy from their brethren, and what better way to do that than to play the "nationalism" card - that they are fighting for liberation from the Zionist foreign occupiers? This isn't brainwashing, just clever propaganda - unless your argument is that they are "brainwashing" a significant segment of their communities themselves to affect the general wave of social opinion, in which case we're operating from a fundamentally different definition of "brainwashing" in the first place.
Same issue, addressed above.Jihadist recruiters conjure up any 'grievance' (occupied lands, the West oppressing Muslims, Israel etc.) in order to turn impressionable and disheartened Muslims into lethal instruments of hate: the modern suicide bomber. It's no different than your local KKK office during the 60s. Have you watched any video footage of these radical mosques and maddrasses or listened closely to a bin Laden infomercial? These are sermons straight out of Hitler-Jugend: they feed off man's dark side, his ancient hatreds, miseries and prejudices. I think we've seen this type of irrational indoctrination many times throughout history and it has little to do with Pape's hypothesis, other than the fact this new breed of global jihadists casually mention "occupied lands" just before they rant about Britney's miniskirt and homosexuality -- 'nationalism' one of many 'sticks' that are used to rile up the faithful.
But it does have everything to do with it. Nationalism and the "occupation" argument are the perfect tools to be used as a stepping stone to instigate Anti-Western sentiments within their broader communities.Oddly enough, the ones who do complain quite loudly about a specific country being "occupied" (al-Sadr comes to mind), do fit the Pape profile. -- which of course has nothing to do with global jihadism.
And Iraq is in turmoil due to sectarian violence or civil war or whatever you call it, and the US hasn't even left yet.(In a way, I can understand why al-Sadr is upset and feels 'occupied' -- millions of ordinary Iraqis didn't want a thug like him or his militia running their country. As soon as the US military packs up and leaves, the "freedom fighters" will turn on their own people and slaughter thousands, sacrificing anything and anyone for their will to power. This is what happened in Afghanistan. After the Soviets withdrew, the Taliban turned on their own and slaughtered more Afghanis than did the Soviets.)
Whether he is a true nationalist or a fraud is beside the point. What matters is his professed position and whether it's enough to provide him and others like him with the illusion of legitimacy. If there were no foreign occupation, the entire "nationalism" argument goes down the toilet regardless of whether that's his true position. The fact that an occupation is still in place provides suicide terrorists with the perfect excuse to stir up nationalistic sentiments and give themselves the social impetus to thrive with their Anti-Western agenda. Just one of the reasons that the Iraq debacle is considered a "cause celebre" by these guys.Why then so many of our elite give these thugs the benefit of the doubt ("nationalists"; "freedom fighters" etc.), I have no idea. What they end up doing (and I consider Pape to fall into this category) is using the dynamics of modern western democracies in trying to rationalize ME violence, when in reality the dynamics in areas like Iraq and Afghanistan couldn't be more different.
The question I would like to ask the Robert Papes is this: how many market bombs and IEDs and police station assaults on the Iraqis themselves would he consider to be the work of "freedom fighters" and "nationalists" fighting an "occupying power"?
Is al-Sadr a "freedom fighter"? I'd say he's a fraud.
Even if one were to accept your conjecture that radicalism would be a natural development under these conditions, it does not follow that suicide terrorism will also be a natural development thereof.Interesting hypothesis.
I think if you live in the one of the most economically depressed areas in the world (the GDP of the entire ME is less than Sweden) with the worst literacy rate, a ton of oil and corruption, and an overall socially medieval philosophy, radicalism will be a natural development.
A good read: "The Pentagon's New Map: War and Peace in the Twenty First Century" by Thomas P.M. Barnett -- a Democrat, no less.
Their rationale has always been the same and the above is no different: withdraw from Iraq/Afghanistan and stop supporting the Zionist crusaders etc etc etc. The London bombing, for instance, was exactly that, with Britain being an American ally and all. As for 9/11, the US has had troops stationed in the Arabian peninsula since the 90's, and this likely dramatically increased the chance of such an attack. Jordan/Indonesia are also allies of the US in this regard. Besides, Jemaah Islamiyah has always worked towards the creation of an independent Islamic state, so their acts of terror aren't anything different either.And Tunisia. Of course they do. These are terrorist acts carried out by extremists against non-"occupying powers": pure Jihadism and intolerance for anything but Islam. These attacks do not fit Mr. Pape's theory. There's some other factor at play.
Moreover, what of the tube bombings in London? Or 9/11? What "nationalistic" cause were those attacks for? The 9/11 hijackers were a mixed bag of Egyptians and Saudis, the tube bombings were "homegrown."
Their first demands would be for the US to withdraw from Iraq/Afghanistan etc. The could try to go beyond that and demand that the world convert to Islam or something stupid like that, but they won't, because - right - they'd get laughed at. Driving away foreign occupation is their trump card as far as "negotiations" are concerned. Take that card away and they're left with nothing that any reasonable person - including members of their own countries - would realistically agree with.If you could sit down and negotiate with bin Laden or Dr. Ayman al-Zawahiri, what do you suppose their demands would be? If they were candid, they'd tell you their vision of toppling moderate governments in the ME from N. Africa to Indonesia to Spain, Israel to be wiped off the map, America to convert to Islam etc. etc., and you'd get up and leave.
The question is, do you sit back and laugh at their intentions believing it could never happen, or do you take their words (and deeds) seriously and go after them?
Or change the approach to handling the situation. The West chose wrongly thus far.I think 9/11 made us all realize we have to change the dynamics of the ME.
Their words have been pretty consistent. Withdraw your troops, etc.Again, I would ask you to carefully listen to their own words and draw your own conclusions, as opposed to Pape, who seems to think he knows what's going on inside a terrorist's mind better than they do. If this isn't the epitone of arrogance I don't know what is.
To the extent that the above are problems, they are internal, political problems - i.e. not the kind to be solved via military force, and certainly not the kind to be solved via looking outward as opposed to looking inward. The current administration's approach is certainly not making things any better in this regard. Anyway, back to suicide terrorism.Start small. A nuclear 9/11 would definitely shake up modern civilization.
As for imposing their values and culture on us, it's already happening and it's coming through the back door of political correctness and multiculturalism....
http://worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=55417
The Danish cartoon fiasco, the flying Imams, the cab drivers in MN, Muslim cashiers at Wal-mart who refused to scan pork...the list goes on and on...
It's happening. In Europe, they're simply doing it with demographics. Ever heard of those French "Sensitive Urban Zones"?
There was a recent court ruling in Germany where a judge usurped German law in favor of Sharia Law -- giving the male (in this case) a license to beat his wife...and have multiple wives.
What about Theo van Gogh in Holland brutally murdered for making play on Islam? His crime was artistic expression.
Brilliant authors like Salmond Rushdie have been warning us for decades and we're finally waking up and realizing this is a problem -- a big problem.
Done somewhere above.Give me some examples.
The way I recall it, in the 90's or so bin Laden sought to declare jihad against Iraq, and felt snubbed when his Saudi counterparts instead opted for help from the US. Iraq had nothing to do with suicide terrorism that I can see, at least prior to US intervention. Again, a "cause celebre" for jihadists.All the more reason to dispose Saddam, giving us a permanent exit strategy from that region. As long as Saddam remained in power, there was always a danger he could march his Republican Guard across the Kuwaiti (or Saudi) border again.
I do recall this was one of many of bin Laden's 'grievances' in his open Fatwa against the United States back in 1998. But then he also blasted our 'sinful' permissive culture and demanded we repent and convert to Islam.
Right, Hezbollah attacked Americans in Beirut - Lebanon - strictly confined to their own region. That was the whole point.Hang on.
Prior to 9/11, no terrorist organization had killed more Americans than Hezbollah. Back the 80s, they killed hundreds of Americans in strikes on a Marine barracks and the US embassy in Beirut. They haven't attacked us since, but Hezbollah is an Iranian proxy so this could change overnight.
And these so-called objectives are laughable - without claims of foreign occupation to fuel their fire, that is. Furthermore, these Islamic fundamentalists are so divided amongst themselves already in terms of religious sect and ideology they can't even agree with each other (Shitte/Sunni being a prime example) and they're supposed to somehow orchestrate a "global" jihad? Ridiculous. The Taliban fought amongst themselves right after the Soviets retreated, as you've mentioned before. Without a nationalistic excuse to provide themselves with a common enemy, these terrorists tend to fall apart by infighting and bickering amongst themselves.Prior to al-Qaida, this was true, but bin Laden's vision changed the dynamics unleashing global jihad. al-Qaida was to be "the base" -- the umbrella under which all these Islamic splinter terror cells would unite and train for one common purpose: Jihad against Israel and the West. And so all through the 90s, thousands of terrorists from all over the region poured into Afghanistan preparing themselves for the coming war we're now engaged in across the ME -- mainly (but not exclusively) in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Here's a sample of what's in the Al-Qaida Operation manual
It says:
Goals and Objectives of Jihad:http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/al-qaida.htm
- Establishing the rule of God on earth
- Attaining martyrdom in the cause of God
- Purification of the ranks of Islam from the elements of depravity
al-Qaeda's current goal is to establish a pan-Islamic Caliphate throughout the world by working with allied Islamic extremist groups to overthrow regimes it deems "non-Islamic" and expelling Westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries.
And there you have it -- in black and white.
In that case, one might want to examine precisely why the culture of suicide bombers is expanding daily, and go from there. Once again, it isn't enough to stop the current pool of suicide terrorists; the next pool of potential volunteers/sympathizers/2nd generation terrorists must be prevented from taking root.I never said these regional conflicts were a recent phenomenon, what i said was the culture of suicide bombers (Pape's entire study and hypothesis) is a very new phenomenon, and one that appears to be expanding daily. It is also anything but 'nationalistic' -- indeed it is one of the ME's biggest international exports right now.
Interesting discussion.