Even Wikipedia has this one right...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_Reinvestment_Act
Original Act
The CRA was passed by the 95th United States Congress and signed into law by President Jimmy Carter in 1977 as a result of national grassroots pressure for affordable housing, and despite considerable opposition from the mainstream banking community.<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference">[1]</sup> Only one banker, Ron Grzywinski from ShoreBank in Chicago, testified in favor of the act.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference">[2]</sup> The CRA mandates that each banking institution be evaluated to determine if it has met the credit needs of its entire community.
H. W. Bush Administration Changes of 1989
The Financial Institutions Reform Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989 (FIRREA), enacted in the wake of the savings and loan crisis of the 1980s, increased public oversight of the process. It required the agencies to issue CRA ratings publicly and written performance evaluations using facts and data to support the agencies' conclusions. It also required a four-tiered CRA examination rating system with performance levels of "Outstanding," "Satisfactory," "Needs to Improve," or "Substantial Noncompliance."<sup id="cite_ref-Braunstein_5-0" class="reference">[6]</sup>
Clinton Administration Changes of 1995
In early 1993 President Bill Clinton ordered new regulations for the CRA which would increase access to mortgage credit for inner city and distressed rural communities.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference">[7</sup>
requiring strictly numerical assessments to get a satisfactory CRA rating; using federal home-loan data broken down by neighborhood, income group, and race; encouraging community groups to complain when banks were not loaning enough to specified neighborhood, income group, and race; allowing community groups that marketed loans to targeted groups to collect a fee from the banks.<sup id="cite_ref-Husock_3-1" class="reference">[4]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Braunstein_5-1" class="reference">[6]
</sup>The new rules, during a time when many banks were merging and needed to pass the CRA review process to do so, substantially increased the number and aggregate amount of loans to low- and moderate-income borrowers for home loans, some of which were "risky mortgages."
<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"></sup>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_Reinvestment_Act
Original Act
The CRA was passed by the 95th United States Congress and signed into law by President Jimmy Carter in 1977 as a result of national grassroots pressure for affordable housing, and despite considerable opposition from the mainstream banking community.<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference">[1]</sup> Only one banker, Ron Grzywinski from ShoreBank in Chicago, testified in favor of the act.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference">[2]</sup> The CRA mandates that each banking institution be evaluated to determine if it has met the credit needs of its entire community.
H. W. Bush Administration Changes of 1989
The Financial Institutions Reform Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989 (FIRREA), enacted in the wake of the savings and loan crisis of the 1980s, increased public oversight of the process. It required the agencies to issue CRA ratings publicly and written performance evaluations using facts and data to support the agencies' conclusions. It also required a four-tiered CRA examination rating system with performance levels of "Outstanding," "Satisfactory," "Needs to Improve," or "Substantial Noncompliance."<sup id="cite_ref-Braunstein_5-0" class="reference">[6]</sup>
Clinton Administration Changes of 1995
In early 1993 President Bill Clinton ordered new regulations for the CRA which would increase access to mortgage credit for inner city and distressed rural communities.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference">[7</sup>
requiring strictly numerical assessments to get a satisfactory CRA rating; using federal home-loan data broken down by neighborhood, income group, and race; encouraging community groups to complain when banks were not loaning enough to specified neighborhood, income group, and race; allowing community groups that marketed loans to targeted groups to collect a fee from the banks.<sup id="cite_ref-Husock_3-1" class="reference">[4]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Braunstein_5-1" class="reference">[6]
</sup>The new rules, during a time when many banks were merging and needed to pass the CRA review process to do so, substantially increased the number and aggregate amount of loans to low- and moderate-income borrowers for home loans, some of which were "risky mortgages."
<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"></sup>