Liberal
Liberalism is a broad class of
political philosophies that consider
individual liberty to be the most important political goal.<SUP class=reference id=cite_ref-0>
[1]</SUP>
Liberalism emphasizes
individual rights and equality of opportunity. Within liberalism there are various streams of thought which compete over the use of the term "liberal" and may propose very different policies, but they are generally united by their support for a number of principles, including
freedom of thought and
speech, limitations on the power of governments, the
rule of law, an individual's right to
private property,<SUP class=reference id=cite_ref-manifesto1997_1-0>
[2]</SUP>
free markets,<SUP class=reference id=cite_ref-manifesto1997_1-1>
[2]</SUP> and a
transparent system of government.<SUP class=reference id=cite_ref-2>
[3]</SUP> All liberals, as well as some adherents of other political ideologies, support some variant of the form of government known as
liberal democracy, with open and fair elections, where all citizens have equal rights by law.<SUP class=reference id=cite_ref-3>
[4]</SUP>
Modern liberalism has its roots in the
Age of Enlightenment and rejected many
foundational assumptions that dominated most earlier theories of government, such as the
Divine Right of Kings, hereditary status,
established religion, and economic
protectionism.<SUP class=reference id=cite_ref-howe_4-0>
[5]</SUP><SUP class=reference id=cite_ref-freeden_5-0>
[6]</SUP><SUP class=reference id=cite_ref-economichistory_6-0>
[7]</SUP> Liberals argued that economic systems based on
free markets are more efficient and generate more prosperity.<SUP class=reference id=cite_ref-7>
[8]</SUP>
The first modern liberal state was the
United States of America<SUP class=reference id=cite_ref-8>
[9]</SUP>, founded on the principle that "all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to insure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed
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The
Conservative & Unionist Party, more commonly known as the
Conservative Party, is a
political party in the
United Kingdom. Founded in its present form during the early 19th century, it has historically been the principal party of the
right, though in the modern day the party and its voters are more associated with the
centre-right.<SUP class=reference id=cite_ref-1>
[2]</SUP>
The Conservative Party is descended from the historic
Tory Party which was founded in 1678. Due to this lineage the party is still often referred to as the
Tory Party. As well as the more correct description of Conservatives, its members are also called Tories. The Conservative Party was in government for two-thirds of the twentieth century, but it has been in opposition in Parliament since losing the
1997 election to the
Labour Party.
Currently the Conservatives are the largest opposition party in the United Kingdom and form
Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition in the
Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Conservative Party is the second largest
political party in the
United Kingdom in terms of sitting
Members of Parliament, the largest in terms of public membership, and the largest in terms of sitting councillors in local government. The current party leader is
David Cameron, who acts as the
Leader of the Opposition and heads the
Shadow Cabinet.
For the months between January and March 2008, the Conservative Party received nearly £5.8 million in donations, compared to just over £3.1 million for the
Labour Party, as declared by
The Electoral Commission on 22 May 2008. The Conservatives are also £12 million in debt, compared to Labour's £17.8 million and the
Liberal Democrats' £1.13 million